浅析乌鲁木齐房地产建设项目环境影响评价

通过剖析房地产建设项目的现状特点,阐述项目在施工期和运行期产生的废水、废气、噪声和固废对城市及周边产生的不良影响,分析了房地产建设项目环境影响评价的重点及评价过程中容易忽视的一些细节,总结房地产开发项目环境影响评价还须进一步探讨的问题,并提出相关的建议。     

建设项目环境影响评价中易被忽视的几个细节

环境影响评价是一项专业性较强的技术工作,一份环评报告需要关注的内容比较多。在具体的建设项目环境影响评价报告的编制过程中,虽然有相关的环评法规、技术导则、环境标准等文件作为指导,但常常因为环评工程师缺乏实际环评工作经验等原因,有一些重要的细节被忽视了。这些被忽视的细节直接影响到了环评报告的质量,导致环评报告结论的科学性与可靠性遭到质疑。文章介绍了一些常被忽视的重要细节,并有针对性地提出了改进建议。     

冷却塔影响评价技术分析

随着国民经济的发展,冷却塔的应用越来越广泛。冷却塔给人民带来利益的同时,也给人民带来了危害。目前冷却塔的噪声和冷却排污水成为影响人类生活的因素之一。在简要介绍了冷却塔的影响、分类和工作原理基础上,从环境影响评价的角度,系统阐述了冷却塔噪声源强、噪声影响的预测方法和主要的防治措施;进行了冷却塔排污水水平衡分析,提出水量和排水水质的估算方法,并对冷却塔排污水和冷却塔飘水的环境影响及冷却排污水的处王利用方式进行概括的介绍。     

基于STIRPAT模型的环境压力空间差异分析——以能源消费为例

定量分析区域人文驱动力对环境的影响,对认识我国区域环境压力及其影响因素具有一定的科学意义.利用STIRPAT模型,以人口数量、富裕度为自变量,以能源消费总量为因变量,应用岭回归函数拟合得到环境压力模型.以研究结果为依据.利用Mapinfo7.0 软件分别绘制人口数量和富裕度对环境压力影响的空间差异图.结果显示,不同省份间人口数量和富裕度对环境压力影响存在显著差异.尽管各省份人口数量对环境压力都产生线性正效应影响,但影响强度有明显差异,最大者是最小者的8.079倍.富裕度对环境压力影响,有正效应或者负效应;有线性作用或者弹性作用.30个考察对象中,北京、上海、四川、新疆4个省市的富裕度二次项系数为负,这说明,在数据观测范围内以上4个省市的结果支持富裕度与环境压力间存在倒"U"型环境库兹涅茨曲线的观点;但这4个省市的环境压力并没有出现下降,这是由于各种人文驱动力影响的净效应决定了环境压力变化趋势.人口数量的增长对环境压力的上升存在较强正效应.因此,控制人口数量的速度对改善环境压力将起到关键作用.     

科学在环境影响评价中的作用

环境影响评价(EIA)既是一门技术又是一项制度。科学对环境影响评价的作用同样主要表现在技术和制度两方面:相应的技术规范及替代解决方案使其成为应用科学,而公众参与与制度保证使其成为公民科学。其制度特性较技术性更为基础,更为重要,科学在其中的作用需要更加重视。     

Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems – Part II: Methodological guidance for a better practice

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly used in waste management to identify strategies that prevent or minimise negative impacts on ecosystems, human health or natural resources. However, the quality of the provided support to decision- and policy-makers is strongly dependent on a proper conduct of the LCA. How has LCA been applied until now? Are there any inconsistencies in the past practice? To answer these questions, we draw on a critical review of 222 published LCA studies of solid waste management systems. We analyse the past practice against the ISO standard requirements and the ILCD Handbook guidelines for each major step within the goal definition, scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases of the methodology. Results show that malpractices exist in several aspects of the LCA with large differences across studies. Examples are a frequent neglect of the goal definition, a frequent lack of transparency and precision in the definition of the scope of the study, e.g. an unclear delimitation of the system boundaries, a truncated impact coverage, difficulties in capturing influential local specificities such as representative waste compositions into the inventory, and a frequent lack of essential sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Many of these aspects are important for the reliability of the results. For each of them, we therefore provide detailed recommendations to practitioners of waste management LCAs.     

北京市某高层建筑高空电磁辐射环境影响分析

选取北京市某代表性高层居民楼顶平台作为高空电磁辐射环境水平监测点进行综合场强和选频监测，评价总体电磁辐射环境水平，并分析监测区域电磁辐射能量的来源。结果表明：该高空监测区域的电磁辐射环境总体水平低于国家规定的公众照射导出限值，但高于地面水平。监测区域主要受30 km 外的中波台影响，其次是9 km 外的中央电视塔。影响最大的是639 kHz频率的中波信号，占100 kHz～300 MHz总场强的95％以上，其次是1．28 MHz频率的中波信号。提出，开展敏感建筑物规划建设时，应考虑中波的传播特性和对环境的影响。     

Green energy generation by pressure retarded osmosis: State of the art and technical advancement—review

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a method for converting salinity gradients to power by allowing water to flow through a semi-permeable membrane against an applied hydraulic pressure. PRO already has a long history, starting from the middle of the last century, and has rapidly improved in recent years. In this paper, we present a historical development of PRO since its inception: the development of this renewable energy process has gone through several stages, depending on technological developments, worldwide energy demands, and environmental concerns. The technological progress of the process is also studied, as well as its cost viability and environmental impact. Finally, some ideas to further develop the PRO process and mitigate its detrimental effects are discussed.     

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China’s implementation

The concept of sustainable development has experienced great development and change at different levels of theoretical connotation and practical implementation since 1960s and 1970s when it was first proposed. People’s understanding of the relationship between economy, society, and environment has been continuously deepened over the years. When it came to the end of 2015, it is necessary to examine the results of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals on sustainable development, and at the same time, the post-2015 framework and guidance on sustainable development at the global level were to be made, including the ideas, action plans, key areas that would guide the global sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has developed a 5P theoretical framework of being people-centered, global environmental security, sustained economic prosperity, social justice and harmony and partnership promotion, including a political declaration, 17 overarching goals and 169 specific targets, specific ways of implementation, as well as the follow-up. It is the road map to achieve global sustainable development and meet the requirements of the millennium development goals. This paper summarizes the understanding of the concept of sustainable development from its origin, its significant development, to the proposition and development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and its strategic impact on China.     

探究城市污水处理项目的环境影响评价

水作为人类赖以生存的主要能源物质,随着社会综合水平的提高,各行业对水资源的需求越是急切。而现阶段城市中大量污水给环境带来很多不利影响,环保公司针对城市污水处理不断在技术上进行突破、完善,将智能化节能技术运用到城市污水处理中,使设备、资源得到充分利用,为人们用水条件带来更加充沛、丰富的保障与支持。为有效处理城市污水,争取在城市污水处理发挥更大作用,带动城市环境可持续发展。